There's lots of reasons why, but your pic looks like you have good teeth.
If only 1 tooth hurts, it may be an infection of the root. This could be from a hairline crack with subsequent bacteria getting inside. I would see a dentist right away if it's 1 tooth hurting. Waiting too long could allow the infection to take hold and compromise the entire tooth, resulting in its loss.
If all your teeth and gums hurt (maybe only on the top, or bottom), then it could be:
1. Gum disease
2. Receeding gums
For gum disease, talk to your dentist asap. You'll know its gum disease if the gums look strange, such as red streaks, white patches, bleeding when flossing.
For receeding gums, try a soft bristled toothbrush. When you pick a hard bristle brush or you brush too hard, it physically pushes your gums away from your teeth. If you have this, look at the root of your teeth in the mirror. If you see deep pockets at the base of your teeth...you have receding gums.
www.todaysdentistry.com.au/.../...ecedinggums2.jpg
The top part of your tooth has enamel which is a shiny solid layer. However, the base of the tooth which the gum normally covers does not have enamel. It has microscopic tubes that transmit electrical signals to the tooth nerve. So if it's exposed, it will hurt from brushing, cold, hot...or sugar.
Proper brushing is based on the time spend brushing. NOT how hard you brush. Brush lighter and longer. Also, once the gums are receded, it takes a long time for them to go back to normal. Try a toothpaste like sensodyne. It acts by plugging the holes of the tubules with tiny granules. It's temporary so you'll have to use it all the time.
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Make sure when you brush your teeth you brush lightly brush your gums in a circular motion, amazing how many people don't know your ment to brush your gums.
If it's your gums also sounds like Gingivitis for sure, definitely see a dentist and regular brushing & flossing, as well as listerine helps for prevention in the future. They also have toothpastes for that i think the one for Crest is called Crest Pro-Health (it doesn't reverse it, just helps prevent it from happening again).
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Does it bleed at all?
Gingivitis, maybe?
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