Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin covering the penis glans.
Here's a map showing prevalence of circumcision by countries
Pros
1. Decreased risk of urinary tract infections
Circumcision reduces the risk of developing UTI in the first year of life by a factor of 12, and the absolute risk of a genitally intact boy developing UTI was approximately 1 in 100.
However according to critics, UTI can be easily prevented by personal hygiene and can be cured easily by antibiotics.
2. Decreased risk of sexually transmitted disease.
The risk of STD was three times less with circumcision.
Critics say that while the risk decreases for some, it increases for other STDs.
3. Decreased risk of penile cancer
While advocates believe that circumcision can significantly lower the risk, there is not enough hard evidence to support the argument.
Cons
1. Painful and risky
While anesthesia can be administered during the procedure, the pain after the surgery is still a lot.
For infants, anesthesia is not safe and therefore circumcision causes intense pain often lead to shock and trauma.
There can be 1-40% chance of complications, varying by patients.
2. Removing foreskin exposes the penis glans to rupture
While your dick is safe in your pants, still who knows........its not 100% safe.
3. Sexual and Psychological effects
Advocates and critics have very conflicting views. While advocates say that women prefer a circumcised penis, the critics say otherwise.
Circumcision and Religion
Islam
Khitan, is very important in islam and is practiced nearly universally by Muslim males.
Islam bases its practice of circumcision on the Genesis 17 narrative, the same Biblical chapter referred to by Jews. The procedure however is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran.
For Muslims, circumcision is also a matter of cleanliness, purification and control over oneself.
Judaism
Circumcision is very important to most branches of Judaism, with over 90% of adherents having the procedure performed as a religious obligation.
The basis for its observance is found in the Torah of the Hebrew Bible, in Genesis chapter 17, in which a covenant of circumcision is made with Abraham and his descendants. Jewish circumcision is part of the brit milah ritual, performed by a specialist ritual circumciser on the eighth day since birth.
Christianity
Circumcision is neither required nor forbidden in Christianity.
The Catholic church maintains a neutral position on the subject.
Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist Views
While Hinduism and related religions say nothing about circumcision, it remains a social taboo.
Any kind of modification, even piercings in the genitals is socially unacceptable.
Case of South Korea
Circumcision itself was almost unknown in South Korea before before the US trusteeship, 1945-48, and the heavy US involvement in the Korean War; 1950-53. Older men report not having heard of it before then. It was adopted because of US cultural influence.
Surprised? It is surprising.
Africa and Australia
Circumcision is considered a step towards manhood in some cultures of Africa and Australia.
Enough written!
To conclude
There are no overwhelming health-related reasons for circumcision to be routinely performed on newborn males. Therefore, it is a decision best left to parents.
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