How are copyright laws jostled out and is it easy to prove your case?

I want to take an idea used by a famous author and than change it so that every argument is similar to the original but none are identical duplicates of the first idea, the guy who wrote the book was jailed for selling drugs to children and abusing minors and his net worth is under 4,000,000 so I doubt he would have an easy time suing me, but I plan on saving 40% of my earnings for lawyers and compensation in the unlikely event I’m sued or forced to surrender my profits to the author who helped build my current idea by indirect proxy. His ideas are religious so might be impossible to patent but I suspect there are patents because there are very few websites that discuss his work where a known origin can be traced for accountability.

How are copyright laws jostled out and is it easy to prove your case?
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