How should “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” in the 14th Amendment be defined?

The phrase "subject to the jurisdiction thereof" in the 14th Amendment is not clearly defined in the Constitution.
Due to it the ambiguous nature of the phrase, Congress has the constitutional authority to define it through legislation.

My view is that true jurisdiction requires more than simply being physically present on U. S. soil and subject to its criminal laws. It requires a permanent legal relationship with the United States; therefore, automatic birthright citizenship should only apply to children born in the U. S. who have at least one parent who is either a U. S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident (green card holder).

Children born to temporary visa holders, tourists, or those with pending asylum claims should not receive automatic citizenship. Their parents can petition for them once they themselves obtain permanent legal status.

This law would apply only going forward and would not strip citizenship from anyone who already possesses it, respecting the unspoken prohibition on ex post facto laws.
How should “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” in the 14th Amendment be defined?
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