I've seen this advertised. Protecting electrical systems against such rare events, maybe a good idea. But does it work, how long does it work, how know it is going to work?
In terms of national security, I'd think most corporations would have to have such a device. I'd wonder if any do.
Any electricians, electrical experts out there?
Note that solar flares, EMP weapons, and lightening strikes are all possible and possible use cases as advertised.

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The general principle behind surge arrester is that you pass the current through a resistor before it is sent to your main circuit. Before the resister you have something like a gas discharge tube which is basically a ceramic tube with an inert gas inside. When you have an over voltage event, the inert gas breaks down and that tube becomes a low resistance channel to ground. After the resistor you often place a fuse that can burn out and protect the circuit if too much current passed through the resistor too rapidly. If the fuse blows it disconnects the circuit and leaves the current sent to ground. Being that the Earth is made up of many atoms it has a high resistance and can absorb man free electrons when compared to your small copper wires.
The entire purpose is to get the excess surge to ground rather than in your circuit because your wires and semiconductors will heat up and eventually melt destroying the electronics. The earth on the other hand is a planet and it can take all kinds of heat and disperse it as electrons flow through it from one atom to the next.
Where I work there is a Faraday Room which shields against all electromagnetic action. It has steel reinforced walls that are grounded.
to protect people or electrical equipment? I've heard of for people.
that is very unique...
Yes, it used to be a technical school that probably taught electronics.
I made a Faraday cage
to sleep in? do you notice a difference?
that will help with an emf, emp, lightening strike?
Should help with emp and emf, not lightning. It's to prevent signals and emp from fucking with certain electronics I have