What’s a way I can progressively overload at the gym?

For the longest time I’ve been doing: 4x8-12 with a set weight and then after reaching 12 reps I move onto a higher weight and repeat.

I want to start challenging myself even more so maybe do a set of quite heavy weight. What technique should I do to achieve maximum results?

Thanks!!!
What’s a way I can progressively overload at the gym?
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