What PC specs would give me a night-day difference in performance and features over my current gaming laptop?

My laptop is the 2019 version of Acer Nitro 5, and it's been slowing down and fucking up on me since 2023. I'm considering to upgrade to a custom built desktop sometime in 2025 or even later if my laptop doesn't die by then. I'm also paranoid that the solar flares in mid 2025 might cause a Carrington level event and send us back to the early industrial age, so that's also why I'm waiting.

But I want my money's worth and also due to my demanding uses - gaming, content creation, machine learning, and programming, I need something that's at least higher mid range. I don't necessarily need a workstation with parts like Xeon/Epyc and A-Series RTX/Radeon Pro with 1TB RAM and 24TB storage, but I'd want to aim for at least Core Ultra 7/Ryzen 7 X3D and RTX XX80/RX X800 XT with 128GB RAM and 8TB storage.

So please don't recommend anything as typical Core Ultra 5/Ryzen 5 and RTX XX60/RX X600 XT with 32GB RAM and 4TB storage because I won't be completely blown away. I want the gap to be even bigger when I upgraded from my potato Lenovo IdeaPad laptop with AMD A10 APU, Radeon R5 iGPU, 12GB RAM (4+8), and 128GB SSD to my current laptop with i5 9300H, GTX 1050 3GB, 16GB RAM (2x8), and 500GB SSD.

Higher Mid Range Desktop
High End Desktop
Entry Level Workstation
Mid Range Workstation
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What PC specs would give me a night-day difference in performance and features over my current gaming laptop?
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