Can an employer refuse to be a reference if you plan to leave?

Let’s say you work hard, you’re on time, you go above and beyond, but mentally and physically you’re drained from this job and you don’t need it for the money but you just want to have a reference just to have if you need it for a future job. Personally, I think references is outdated. As long as you can back up your resume with the education you obtained through degrees or certifications for a position you’re applying for is good enough. I’ve heard stories of people I know who used an employer as a reference only for that employer to bad mouth and make up stories for another manager of another company to hear.

Can an employer refuse to be a reference if you plan to leave?
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