Why do crime statistics show racial patterns, and what explains them?

Have you ever noticed that certain crimes seem to be disproportionately associated with particular racial or ethnic groups?
For example, people often associate violent street crime and robbery with Black communities, organized crime and certain forms of drug trafficking with particular immigrant or ethnic groups, and crimes such as serial murder or sexual offending with White offenders.
I'm not saying people of other races don't commit these crimes. Obviously they do. And I'm not saying someone's race determines their behavior.
What interests me is the pattern in the statistics and the question behind it.
If a particular demographic appears disproportionately represented in a particular category of crime, why? Is it culture? Poverty? Geography? Age distribution? Family structure? Opportunity? Gang involvement? Drug markets? Policing? Differences in reporting and arrest? Or something else we haven't fully understood?
And there is another uncomfortable question: are we sometimes confusing a statistical pattern with a racial cause?
Research does find racial differences in offending and criminal-justice involvement for some categories, but researchers also point to socioeconomic conditions, neighborhood environments, segregation, policing practices, and other factors that can contribute to those differences.
So I'm not asking this to accuse an entire race of anything.
I'm asking because if we can acknowledge that patterns exist in some datasets, shouldn't we also be willing to ask what actually produces those patterns?
What do you think we're missing when we look at crime through the lens of race?
Why do crime statistics show racial patterns, and what explains them?
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