What is this thing?

What is this thing?
Decades ago, these things were found in virtually every electronic device. The world's first electronic computer used thousands of these. Today, they are rarely used, though they are still found in vintage radios and stereo sound amplifiers, for example.

Do you know what this thing is called?
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I'm impressed that so many people correctly identified it as a VACUUM TUBE. You can still find them in high-power electronics, although most of their applications have been replaced by transistors and integrated circuits (chips).

I know a guy who is a music aficionado and he insists that his amplifier contains vacuum tubes, not transistors. He likes his music really loud, and he says that vacuum tube introduce very little distortion, compared to transistors.
What is this thing?
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