Critical Thinking: No True Scotsman Fallacy

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What's a Logical Fallacy?

A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning common enough to warrant a fancy name. Knowing how to spot and identify fallacies is a priceless skill. It can save you time, money, and personal dignity.

What is the No True Scotsman Fallacy?

No true Scotsman is a logical fallacy, meaning an error in reasoning, in which someone defends a generalization by redefining the criteria and dismissing examples that are contradictory.

It is also known as “appeal to purity” as it aims to refute any arguments or evidence against a certain ideal by appealing to its “purity”. As such, this argument is used in an attempt to protect various groups from criticism, such as political parties and religious groups.

Example 1:

Person A: All Canadians put maple syrup on their pancakes.

Person B: But Geddy Lee only puts butter on his pancakes.

Person A: Well, no TRUE Canadian puts only butter on his pancakes.

Example 2:

“Bill used to be a Christian youth leader but grew up to be an atheist. He was never a real Christian all along.”

Example 3:

“Jane said she used to be an atheist before getting saved. Obviously, she was never REALLY an atheist.”

Example 4:

Person A: The mainstream media is biased against conservatives.

Person B: Fox News is overwhelmingly conservative.

Person A: But Fox News is not part of the mainstream media.

Critical Thinking: No True Scotsman Fallacy
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