How much do I need to work a day out to get stronger?

I'm 145 pounds and 5'7". The only thing I can think to do to make up for this and be able to protect my girl is to work out... A LOT. I'm already done with insecurities and sh*t people give me and I'm pretty damn confident but realistically I know I'd get pounded in a fist fight, which kinda goes against my goal to be the best boyfriend ever.

So, I'm looking to fully commit myself to the gym. So, what exercises for how long for how many days should I do. I'm looking for something routine every week that doesn't involve knowing a ton of info about exercise.
How much do I need to work a day out to get stronger?
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