There are many fallacies people like to use in order to make a point. Usually the people who use these fallacies are oblivious they are even committing a fallacy. Keep in mind that some fallacies have subgroups.
1.) Ad hominem: The most common fallacy, it’s used as a direct attack on the person rather than the argument that person is proposing.
2.)The red herring: A fallacy where a person ignores the main point by making an irrelevant remark to divert attention. This is usually done when the person has no other way of defending their point, so they resort to diverting tactics to make it look like they are still capable of defending their point.
3.) Reductio ad Hitlerum: This fallacy is mostly common in political debates, it’s when a individual compares a opponent to Hitler just because of a disagreement. This is also called the “Nazi card”.
4.)appeal to pity: One of the appeals to emotion. When people use this fallacy they attempt to shame a person for having a different opinion or belief on a controversial subject by trying to make them feel guilty through emotions. Alternatively they may try to guilt a person into supporting something.
5.)moral high ground fallacy/sanctimony: This fallacy is often used when debating about bad things done by a specific country. It has a “Yeah what we did was bad at least we didn’t do what they did.” sound to it. In other words, a person tries to claim their side as morally superior because while their side has flaws, they feel that they aren’t as catastrophic as the other side’s flaws. Basically this fallacy is often used to justify an immoral action. For example people who for some reason stubbornly try to “justify” the internment of Japanese-Americans and Japanese-Canadians will use this fallacy by saying “yeah ugh, at least we didn’t do what the axis powers were doing.”
6.)appeal to force: One of the worst fallacies you can use is when you outright threaten your opponent. “You better support us or else.” Once a person uses this fallacy, that person has already lost the debate.
7.)Tu Quoqe: A fallacy used to call out similar flaws of another person’s argument. It’s similar to the moral high ground fallacy but it has a “You did bad things too” sound to it.
8.) Straw man: Basically you misterpret an argument in order to facilitate your attack on the person’s argument and give the illusion that you are making a valid argument.
9.)Non sequitur: A very unusual fallacy that is similar to the red herring but a non sequitur is a random remark that doesn’t connect to the person’s original argument.
10.)Argument by pigheadedness: One of the most frustrating fallacies a person can commit. A person who commits this fallacy will basically act stubborn and refuse to even take an well formed argument into consideration because the person is too stubborn or in denial.
11.)Slippery slope: A very common fallacy that sounds like fear mongering. But when a person commits this fallacy they try to warn someone of how an action can lead to over exaggerated consequences. Here’s an example, “Conservatives will eventually oppress us!” It’s both a slippery slope and a type of political mudslinging.
12.)Ad Hoc: When a person wants something to be true or not true but don’t have valid evidence to support this claim, they’ll resort to this fallacy. Several religious people and anti theists tend to use this fallacy a lot. However a better example is the hyper-diffusionists who claim that all of the world’s major civilizations were originally founded by a “long lost civilization” that happens to be the same race the hyper-diffusionist is. Yet these hyper-diffusionists don’t have any valid evidence to support their claims and can’t even argue against the actual evidence that contradicts their claims. So in that case, they not only are using ad hoc but also the argument by pigheadedness.
13.) Appeal to authority: If a person automatically claims that something is true or not true because a specific authority figure or group said it, has committed the Appeal to authority fallacy because they have neither fact checked nor cared to analyze the opposing argument. Here’s an example “It’s true because Huffington post, Buzzfeed and CNN said it.”
14.)Ad populum: A very tricky fallacy, a person who uses this fallacy will claim that something is right because most people do, believe or say it. “Everyone gets drunk, why shouldn’t I?”
15.)Ipse dexit: A fallacy where a person argues a point without proof, they say “because I said it, that’s why”. People who do this, either are big cheese or they are just trying to toy with people. However, it’s very hard to spot this fallacy. If a person says “I think” or “in my opinion” and give a reason why then it’s not Ipse dexit even if they cite no sources.
16.) appeal to ignorance: This is the fallacy of assuming your argument is right because nobody has been able to disprove it. Both religious people and anti theists use this fallacy against each other very often. “There’s no evidence for the existence of a God, therefore there is no God.” or “ There’s no definite proof that there is no God, therefore God is real.”
17.)Argument from Fallacy: Everyone commits fallacies and just because a argument coontains a fallacy, it doesn’t necessarily mean a argument is wrong. Concluding that an argument is wrong just because it has a fallacy is known as the argument from fallacy.
18.) Hasty generalization: A very common fallacy in which a person jumps to conclusions without any proper evidence to support their claim.”He looks mean, therefore he probably beat up a few people before.” “He’s wearing a suit, therefore he’s rich.”
19.) Sweeping generalization: Stereotypes are the perfect example, when you assume all people of a certain group are a certain way, you are making a sweeping generalization.
20.) Appeal to pride: Of course, one of the most irritating fallacies used. People use their own pride as a way of supporting their argument. “I’m 6’2”, I can be a great mixed martial artist.” and then that person loses to a much shorter person and starts throwing a tantrum while making excuses.
Bonus: False dichotomy is the fallacy where only two options are presented even though other options are possible. For example, "You are either a liberal or a conservative."
There are many more fallacies but these are some of the most commonly used.
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Under "argument from fallacy", you wrote: "You may have a fallacy (down) in your argument, but it doesn’t (but not out) always mean your argument is wrong."
This is in fact a wrong conclusion. . . The last part of this claim should be ". . . your CONCLUSION is wrong."
See, if you use a fallacy, then your argument is wrong, but part of your argument was to support a conclusion, which truth or falsehood is not affected by the validity of the argument.
That's why you can't dismiss a CONCLUSION if the argument contains a fallacy. However, if you notice the use of a fallacy in an argument, it should raise a red flag if you're interested in a *supportive* argument for the conclusion. You can take in the data point of the conclusion being argued, and find a better argument that does not use a fallacy. On the other hand, you are warned that there *may* be a valid argument *against* the conclusion. You just don't know yet, from the current argument being flawed, which way it will go. Unless you have a better way to argue, possibly motivated by the fallacious argument, you'll have to have patience until you come across a valid argument that settles the issue.
I thought I'd point this out to limit the possible confusion from this mistake. Thanks.
By the way, I know the "argument from fallacy" also as the "fallacy fallacy".
I judge something on whether it is a fair point or not and in so doing, I do not need a list of fallacies to justify it. Which is a good thing because I could never remember the list of fallacies.
Some of your fallacies are fallacies that I have learned about before in logic and reason but some of your fallacies are things that I am pretty sure you made up. The fallacies that have to do with just not liking someone's opinion or their approach. Though you may not like them does not mean that it is because of fallacies in thinking. lol!
Whether I like something or not should never come in to how I judge something or not. I wish most people followed this rule in life. If they did, life would be so much interesting.
None of these are made up.
This is the second time that I have been a complete shit to you. I have no idea why I am doing that. :( I am sorry. :(
Yes, of course, you did not make these up. I do not know why I suggested otherwise and that was unfair to you so I apologize.
I wish I could explain why I have responded poorly to your last couple of questions but I do not know why.
So I apologize and hope you will give me the benefit of the doubt in the future because I will be more doubly careful in responding to your questions in the future.
Sorry. /shamefacewalksaway