And if you're going to bring up quotes by people who were viewed as forward thinking for their time from the 1850s opposing equality as an argument that white supremacy was too engrained in the American psyche for equality to have been achieved the Civil war changed a lot, including the hearts and minds of many; before the war John Brown was seen as a lunatic by the Union and by the end he was seen as a martyr.
#BlackLivesMatter
www.loc.gov/.../24948u_enlarge.jpg
And for anyone who's going to say "blacks are indebted to whites for freeing them", the Union Army was 10% black by the end of the war.