A deep dive into the origins of the word "Cracker"

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Currently the ever so recent bannings of the popular Twitch streamers HasanAbi and Vaush which recently took place because of the two using the word cracker to describe racially white individuals. This incident has seemed to spark lots of controversy and debate over social media relating to the use of the word cracker. So I’ve taken it as an opportunity to do my own research and actually take a deep dive into the origins of the word cracker. Just to have a look as to why some believe the word to be a slur, why others believe it to not be a slur at all, and if the word itself is even a slur.


In order to truly decipher whether the term cracker is a racially charged slur or not we must first have a basic understanding of what makes a word a slur in the first place.


A pejorative or a slur, according to Dictionary.Com is defined as being “disparaging, derogatory, and belittling.”. This is the popular and more widely understood meaning of what a slur is, however this definition proves to be extremely lackluster and bare as it doesn’t touch base on the nuance and linguistic complexity that actually makes a slur, a slur.


Many people also tend to falsely [whether intentionally or not] hold the belief that a slur and an insult are the same exact thing. This is a popular misconception about slurs as it fails to recognize that insulting someone is a matter of causing someone to be offended, whereas offense is a subjective psychological state the concept of slurring doesn’t require any actual intended offending target or even the elicitation of a reaction whatsoever. Which is why the act of referring to someone as being a “loser” is different from referring to someone as being a “n*gger” since even though referring to someone as a loser is intended to solicit listeners to view said someone as being undesirable, damaged, or inferior, the act of referring to someone as a n*gger diffrentiants as being a slur due to the fact that it performs the function [whether intended to or not] of normalizing hateful attitudes towards various non-white groups as speakers have used the term to derogate African americans, Black Africans, East Indians, Arabs. And Polynesians (among others).


This also isn’t meant to suggest that the derogation accomplished by use of pejoratives are always highly destructive. Within the context of the act of referring to someone as being a “loser” you could also use it to playfully refer to a friend in a completely different context. The same can be applied to pejoratives like “n*gga” which is a term widely used by African americans today in a context that’s completely removed from the racialized violence and hatred the word originates from as it has been reclaimed and repurposed by the black community. This is a concept referred to as ‘Linguistic Reclamation’. You can also observe similar forms of linguistic reclamation done by the Lgbtq community as they reclaimed the word “queer” which was once originally used to derogate those who engaged in sexual behavior that was deemed “abnormal”. The term queer now has litlle derogatory force as a result of Lgbtq individuals appropriating the word.


Now that I believe I’ve given a pretty detailed look as to what actually constitutes a slur being a slur we can finally get into the history on the origins of the word Cracker. How it was used in the past, how the way it’s used linguistically has changed, and if it’s truly a slur.


The origins of the word cracker originate from the period of the Antebellum South that at the times, it’s culture around plantation slavery produced a society that regulated poor landless whites to the fringe of society due to their economic position and lack of property.


During this period many southerners cherished a type of chivalric honor cultured: Which was propagated by the elite southern slave owners which emphasized the idea of paternalism, patriarchalism, social hierachy, and white supremacy. Most landless white southerners were unable to hold up to these standards so as a result they were often compared to enslaved black laborers and characterized in ways that blurred the lines of race and privilege.


Because these landless whites did not meet up to the elitist plantation owning whites understandings of whiteness, white supremacy ended up serving as their rhetorical tool for keeping non-slave holding whites loyal to slavery.


In the late-antebellum period, elite southern whites made efforts to justify slavery for non-slave holding whites by emphasizing the economic and social privilege it afforded them, and appealed to them throught the prospect of social mobility through slave owning. The reasoning as to why the southern elite created the ideology of white supremacy in order to justify slavery to these landless working class whites was because of the fear these white elites held of these landless whites being “radicalized” by anti slavery arguments that concerned these white elites with the possibility that the working class whites would elicit political change if they began to figure out the actual cause of their marganalization in society which was largely due to slavery and the exploitation of their labor by these working class elites as these landless white laborers were largely viewed as nothing but temporary and expandable labor


Because of this the term cracker was originally used by elite whites to reffer to how they viewed poor landless whites as being lazy and dumb for “not owning a home” as the word itself is actually from the 16 and 17th centure, it derives from the word “cracked brains” a term used by British aristocrats to refer to lowerclass people as being dumb and lazy. This idea of cracker being a term to put down the lower class continued on well after the “American revolution”. It was just adapted to refer to lower class landless whites which later became a word used among enslaved black people to describe the crack of a slave masters whip and is now currently used as a broad term to describe all white people.


Now what does this all mean for the word cracker, does this make it a racialized slur against white people ? Absolutely not, since the word historically has been used as a classist one against the working class whites and the elites, it doesn’t make the word a racially charged one since given historical context white people as a whole were not oppressed by this word.


So what does this make the word cracker you might ask ? To this day poor working class white individuals might not be being oppressed by this exact word, rather they like the rest of the working class under a capitalist system are being oppressed by the [majority white] elites through the exploitation of their labor that still continues to go on till this day under a capitalist system.


These white elites continue to work under a capitalist system giving the poor working class white the false idea that if they just pull themselves up by their bootstraps they can do exactly what the capitalists are doing similarly to how poor landless whites in the past believed in the false hope of social mobility through the ownership of slaves and their false sense of superiority under white supremacy that in reality was just constructed to keep them complacent under a system that was made to fail them.


A deep dive into the origins of the word Cracker


Footnotes: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2050&context=etd


https://networks.h-net.org/node/11465/discussions/4297558/poor-whites-antebellum-us-south-topical-guide


https://rockhawk.org/cculture-slavery/


https://iep.utm.edu/pejorati/


https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0388000110000975?via%3Dihub


https://www.jstor.org/stable/454380?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

A deep dive into the origins of the word "Cracker"
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